Determinants of unemployment in ghana global labor markets. The rising unemployment rate among fresh university graduates today is an upsetting trend. This is unemployment caused by the time people take to move between jobs, e. From the demand side, it may be caused by high interest rates, global recession, and financial crisis. In the study of youth unemployment in nigeria, adebayo 1999, alanana 2003, echebiri 2005, ayinde 2008, morphy 2008 and awobgenle and iwuamadi 2010 have identified the main causes of youth unemployment in nigeria. Factors influencing unemployment among fresh graduates. Youth unemployment remains a major political and socioeconomic challenge in africa despite the recent strong growth performance of many african countries. Graduates are made to believe that seeking formal employment in a wellreputed establishment is a golden ticket to being successful in life. The third cause is when new workers enter the workforce. Unemployment leads to frustrations which could find manifestation in different unfavourable forms. Unemployment represents the number of people in the work force who want to work but do not have a job.
Statistics shows that youth faces a higher unemployment rates than adults, and that women faces higher rates than men. Bad governance is the main cause of unemployment in ghana. Causes and effects of graduate unemployment on the nigerian economy the case study of lagos state ogunbanjo olufunmilola adesola 1, afolabi michael oluseye 2. Hence, young women face a double burden by being both youth and female. Pdf this paper seeks to analyse the causes of unemployment in ghana. Unemployment is often cited as a measure of the low employment content of ghanas strong growth performance over the past three decades. Instead, the market only consumes about ten percent of graduates. Significantly, the impact of this paper is that government should create labour market that work better for the youths employment and recommends that. Now the pool of unemployed graduates is rising to worrying levels even in some highgrowth economies. Ghana is not the only country battling with the rise in graduate unemployment. This article assesses the problem of graduate unemployment in ghana and proffers certain recommendations that will aid curtail this problem. While this is slightly lower than the global youth unemployment rate of 12.
Unemployment definition, types, and causes of unempolyment. Rates of unemployment in ghana, 19702010 % ghana living standards survey 3, 4 and 5. Youth or graduate unemployment has been a major hard tackle issue in ghana for quiet a considerable time now. Abstract the study explored the phenomenon of graduate unemployment as well as its causal factors, consequences and remedies in nigeria. Causes, effects and solutions to youth unemployment problems. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. In 2010, more than 1 in 5 children lived in poverty and 15. This page provides ghana unemployment rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Some 55 percent of the 1524 year olds are active in the labor market. Aug 20, 2016 the perilous graduate unemployment particularly is the mainstay of the spectacular collapse of morality and education in ghana lately.
Causes and effects of graduate unemployment on the. During one period the scribes imposed a tax on cooking oil. According to keynes 1936, the level of employment in a modern economy was determined by three factors. The study undertakes an empirical assessment of the main sources of youth unemployment in africa. Working paper 158 tackling graduate unemployment through. In 2019, the unemployment rate in ghana was at approximately 6. The unemployment rate is measured by the proportion of the labor force that is unemployed. No critical studies have been conducted on graduate. Youth have difficulties accessing more productive jobs. Suggestion was therefore made to the government to create jobs in the rural communities of ghana. The kenyan labor market cannot absorb all the graduates. Typically, causes and effects of unemployment in ghana have become national issues that need to be vehemently addressed. They look for a job that fits their new skills and qualifications.
Policy framework and institutional setup for youth employment in ghana. Causes of graduate unemployment economic recession and government policy can cause unemployment. The unemployment is made worse by a large youth population, weak national labor markets and persistent poverty in the countries. And no doubts that young people are not an exception to the rule, and they also cannot do without means of subsistence. In 2019, the estimated youth unemployment rate in ghana was at. Unemployment has been a major problem in ghana and most worrying is the canker of graduate unemployment.
Prevalence, characteristics and perceived causes submitted in partial fulfillment for a master of arts, in research psychology by research and coursework degree, at the university of the witwatersrands school of human and community development. This includes students who graduate from high school, college or any higher degree program. Ghanas ministry of employment and social welfare moesw. Apr 19, 20 unemployment has been a major problem in ghana and most worrying is the canker of graduate unemployment. This makes them desperate in competing for the few vacancy slots the companies have to offer. What are the causes of graduate unemployment in ghana. It takes place during periods of economic contraction or during the time of slow economic growth. Although the causes of graduate unemployment in tunisia are likely to be more than frictional and solving the problem will require longterm interventions and structural changes to the economy, it is thought that. In most african countries, unemployment and underemployment among especially youths have continued to rise. In as much as it is a global concern, its effects in our country have really affected not only our economic sector but political and social aspects as well.
Apr 11, 2017 youth or graduate unemployment has been a major hard tackle issue in ghana for quiet a considerable time now. University graduates are unable to secure jobs after. Facts, causes and consequences joe tiao lecture, kansas state university. Free essays on causes and effects of unemployment in ghana. This page provides ghana unemployment rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic. One of the most prevalent and pressing issues discussed annually in the world economic forum in davos, switzerland, is the global crisis of youth unemployment rees, 2014, where the international labour organization ilo in geneva indicates that global youth unemployment is at a. What are the causes of graduate unemployment in ghana answers. Graduate unemployment among the large pool of the unemployed in ghana are graduates from the. Young women often find themselves trapped in the middle between the. How has ruralurban migration contributed to graduate unemployment in major cities. Bureau of labor statistics as people who do not have a job, have actively looked for work in the past four weeks, and currently are available for work. Among the leading causes of unemployment in kenya include an increased number of people graduating every year. The paper presents evidence to suggest that employment.
Graduate unemployment is the phenomenon whereby a university or tertiary institution graduate remains without regularincomeearning work, after 12 months of consistent trying. Egypt during the various reins of the egyptian pharaohs tax collectors were known as scribes. From 2011 to 20 there is an increase of 16% unemployment growth rate in nigeria. Ghana, today, has in existence unemployed university graduate.
According to amankrah 2006 the youth unemployment challenge in ghana is the outcome of the poor macroeconomic management since the late 1950s when ghana became. This has made the concentration of unemployed youths to be very high. Youth unemployment a global crises affecting egypt locally. Graduate unemployment is the phenomenon whereby a university or tertiary institution graduate remains without regularincomeearning work. The main objective of this study was to find out the major causes of unemployment among youths in the city of harare. Department of sociology faculty of the social sciences ekiti state university adoekiti, nigeria.
Everyone knows that it is impossible to live a normal life without a job and money. This is due to several factors or causes that result in the increase of the unemployment rate today. As a member, youll also get unlimited access to over 79,000 lessons in math, english, science, history, and more. This makes them desperate in competing for the few. Pdf exploring graduate unemployment problem in ghana. Africa as a continent is most affected and zimbabwe as a country is also most affected with the international monetary fund 20, world bank 2012 and the world factbook 20 stating that zimbabwe has the highest unemployment rate in the world of 95%. Graduate unemployment among the large pool of the unemployed in ghana are graduates from the universities and other tertiary institutions. Causes and effects of graduate unemployment on the nigerian. On the basis of the identified and discussed issues, the major research questions of concerns that form the focus of this study are. Unemployment is often cited as a measure of the low employment content of ghana s strong growth performance over the past three decades. The statistic shows the youth unemployment rate in ghana from 1999 and 2019. The perilous graduate unemployment particularly is the mainstay of the spectacular collapse of morality and education in ghana lately.
Causes, consequences and remediable approaches longe, olukayode ph. Hence, this dissertation aims to fill some gap in the available research by investigating the extent, nature and causes of graduate unemployment in south africa. Apr 17, 20 graduate unemployment among the large pool of the unemployed in ghana are graduates from the universities and other tertiary institutions. Causes, effects and solutions to youth unemployment. A look at the main causes of unemployment including demand deficient, structural, frictional and real wage unemployment. Free essays on causes of graduate unemployment in ghana.
The unemployment rate in the country, which was lower than the subsaharan africa average at 8. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Nov 25, 2019 a look at the main causes of unemployment including demand deficient, structural, frictional and real wage unemployment. Since the beginning of the 2000s, a few studies focused particularly on youth and graduate unemployment, but there has been a lack of research in this area in recent years. Harare has a population of 2,123,2 and is zimbabwes biggest settlement and the most populous of the ten provinces zimstat, 2012. Nov 26, 2012 20121126 over the years, graduate unemployment has been a major problem for this country and successive governments have not been able to solve it as expected. The unemployment rate is the percentage of a countrys labor force that are without jobs but are. The study provides insights into the phenomenon of graduate unemployment in ghana and. Feb 12, 2020 the statistic shows the youth unemployment rate in ghana from 1999 and 2019. College and university students often face unemployment after spending their valuable time and money in order to receive educational advantages. Challenges and strategies article pdf available february 2015 with 6,890 reads how we measure reads.
In effect, the number of unemployed people declined from 0. An analysis of the causes and consequences of unemployment in district peshawar zaheer ahmad and jangraiz khan1 2 elementary and secondary education department, khyber pakhtunkhwa abstract this paper concentrates on exploring the causes and consequences of unemployment in district peshawar. But as for the youth, so they certainly can live within only their parents means, they can cadge them pin money to the end of time. What are the effects of economic recession on graduate unemployment rate in nigeria.
The youth no longer feel inspired or motivated to work hard. It is unemployment which results if the overall demand for goods and services in an economy cant support full employment. According to data from the international labour organisation ilo in subsaharan africa, the youth unemployment rate hovers around 12 percent. There is a saying that the devil finds work for the idle hands. Unemployment is caused by various reasons that come from both the demand side, or employer, and the supply side, or the worker. However, the case is similar in many other african countries such as south africa, kenya, and ghana, which have unemployment rates of 25%, 40 %, and 11 % respectively youth speak. There will always be some frictional unemployment in an economy because the. Free essays on causes of graduate unemployment in ghana through. Youth unemployment in uganda is one of the highest in africa actionaid, 2012. Cyclical unemployment formula natural unemployment ratecurrent unemployment rate.
The bls reports this in its u3 report, a part of the monthly. Rural urban migration is usually explained in terms of pushpull factors. Aside from that, the white collar job mentality is also one of the causes of graduate unemployment in ghana. Not surprisingly, policymakers are confused about what the real issues are and what, possibly could be done about them. From the supply side, frictional unemployment and structural employment play a great role. Also, people who were temporarily laid off and were waiting to be called back to that job are included in unemployment statistics. Clearly, it can be seen that this phenomenon is not limited to ghana only but rather a global challenge for several decades and it has been witch hunting several or almost all nations in the world be it developed or developing nation. According to the source, the data are ilo estimates. Recent headlines have been filled with dramatic differing views about what the causes and solutions are regarding the surge in graduate unemployment. In ghana, young people aged 1524 are less likely to hold a job than older adults. Mar 11, 2016 recent headlines have been filled with dramatic differing views about what the causes and solutions are regarding the surge in graduate unemployment.
983 1314 411 402 1215 735 378 746 976 1388 57 318 5 1514 781 1388 1565 1106 1557 1557 610 812 1171 1046 462 146 306 1350 681 82 1190 937 386 98 381 251 887 535 704